My first experience with Linux started when i setup a server for one my client. It was monumental task for me at that time. I was a happy mouse driven windows user. When I came to the world of putty I was lost. So I had to search for certain commands. I recently Setup LAMP With Ubuntu In 10 Minutes. One of my colleague tried to setup LAMP following that post. He was also a happy mouse driven windows user So he was having problem with commands. In this post I am showing all the commands I needed and used to use Linux server. I will post all the problems i faced using LAMP in next post.
To create new directory
mkdir target_director
To copy an entire folder (directory tree) in Linux
cp -ap /var/lib/mysql /mnt/mysql -ap for same permission as source
For checking the size of current folder
du -ch | grep total
To find the size of the hdd
just enter df
To find out the size of the folder in the folder
du
du -a to show all the file's size
See all files and their size
du -s * -h
To output the number of files in the current directory
ls | wc -l
See all the jobs
ps -aux
To find out RAM size on Linux machine
free
Rename folder/filename
mv test hope
mv *.rtf *.txt
To find which process is consuming how much RAM?
top
To see the free ram memory
free -m
To update yum using corn
0 21 *** usr/bin/yum -y update
Create tar.gz file
tar czvf myfolder.tar.gz abcfolder/
Untar a tar file
tar czvf myfolder.tar.gz abcfolder/
Delete bash History
Try to delete the content of ~/.bash_history
To add new user
* Adding a new user (useradd)
* Modifying an existing user (usermod)
Options:
* -d home directory
* -s starting program (shell)
* -p password
* -g (primary group assigned to the users)
* -G (Other groups the user belongs to)
* -m (Create the user’s home directory
useradd -gusers -Gmgmt -s/bin/shell -pass -d/home/jambura -m jambura
User’s home directory should be 700. If you are operating a ~username type server, the public_html directory should be 777. You may also need to open up the home directory to 755.
useradd -s/bin/bash -pass -d/imp/sysbsd -m sysbsd
For allowing sudo
sudo adduser jambura admin
To delete user
userdel user
To display your crontab file
crontab -l
root can view any users crontab file by adding “-u username”
crontab -u bappy -l # List bappy's crontab file.
* * * * * Command to be executed
– – – – –
| | | | |
| | | | +—– Day of week (0-6)
| | | +——- Month (1 – 12)
| | +——— Day of month (1 – 31)
| +———– Hour (0 – 23)
+————- Min (0 – 59)
Field Allowed values
—– ————–
minute 0-59
hour 0-23
day of month 1-31
month 1-12 (or names, see below)
day of week 0-7 (0 or 7 is Sun, or use names)
To edit crontab file
crontab -e
#change the editor used to edit file set the EDITOR environmental variable like this:
export EDITOR=/usr/bin/emacs
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